These modifications alter chromatin state, and by this, it can induce or repress expression of genes. Major developmental steps, including seed development, flowering, sexual reproduction and leaf senescence are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Stress responses of plants are also regulated by ...
These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent ...
Here, we show that RdDM targets in Arabidopsis can be classified into two groups on the basis of whether there is remethylation following the restoration of NRPD1 function in nrpd1 mutant plants—remethylable loci and non-remethylable loci. In contrast to the remethylable loci, the non-re...
However, the mechanisms that regulate the balance of expression between different genes in these loci and how cell type–specific and differentiation stage–specific patterns of gene expression are achieved at the levels of whole loci remain unclear. During keratinocytes' transition from the basal ...
50 They use copy and paste mechanisms to replicate their DNA elsewhere in the host’s genome. Retrotransposons make up an astounding 50% of the human genome versus all protein coding DNA sequences (‘real’ genes) that constitute a mere 2% of the human genome. The retro part of the name...
the importance of improving preventive and therapeutic measures against cardiovascular diseases is continually growing. To accomplish such improvements, research must focus particularly on understanding the underlying mechanisms of such diseases, as in the field of epigenetics, and pay more attention to stre...
Protein acetylation in metabolism—metabolites and cofactors. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 12, 43–60 (2016). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Shi, L. & Tu, B. P. Acetyl-CoA and the regulation of metabolism: mechanisms and consequences. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 33, 125–131 (2015). Article...
of extrachromosomal linear DNA of active transposable elements (TEs)5,10through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). The roles of eccDNA are just being unraveled. For example the presence of eccDNA is associated with senescence in yeast and with apoptosis in mammal ...
Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms that control transcriptional silencing of DNA repetitive elements and heterochromatin are crucial for the acquisition of cell identity in the ovule, opening the possibility that the developmental distinction between sexual development and apomixis might have ...
there is a need for highly ordered regulatory mechanisms determining the fate of each cell. Epigenetic changes are heritable modifications affecting gene expression without causing alterations in the nucleotide sequence itself [13]. The most common epigenetic modifications (Fig.1) are changes in the DN...