All vaccines in the 2022-2023 flu season were quadrivalent, meaning they targeted 4 strains of the flu, 2 type A flu viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and 2 type B flu viruses (Victoria and Yamagata lineage) and were well-matched to the circulating viruses. Each year, flu viruses may mutate, mea...
The virus has a number of different antigens, and each of our immune systems responds slightly differently, producing a diverse range of antibodies across a human population but not in one individual.There are several strains of flu virus, and these mutate frequently, with most of the change ...
If humans must learn to live with COVID-19, the nature of that coexistence depends not just on how long immunity lasts, but also how the virus evolves. Will it mutate significantly each year, requiring annual shots, like the flu? Or will it pop up every few years? COVID-19 新冠肺炎 ...
Norovirus infection is the most common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in the U.S. Although some people call this the "stomach flu," norovirus is not related to the influenza virus. According to statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention(CDC), there are 19-21 milli...
Viral diseases present their own challenges. The smallpox virus was eradicated by a worldwide vaccination program, but many other viruses mutate too fast for this approach. Flu shots, for example, have to be repeated every year because new strains of influenza virus emerge. The HIV virus that...
Virus mutates to a less severe form, quarantine measures select for the less severe form, fighting off less severe form provides immunity against more severe form, severe form dies out. According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu Another theory holds that the 1918 virus muta...
Viruses and infectious diseases are not new. In fact, not only that millions catch the flu (influenza) each year, but 650,000 people die from it every year, not including death from flu-related complications. Flu vaccines are not effective and year after year many catch it even if they ...
spreading is gained through small changes in the virus's genome—and that may take a long or a relatively short time. Viruses like coronavirus and flu, which are both RNA viruses, tend to be able to mutate—or change—more rapidly than some other viruses and certainly some other pathogens....