normal cell是体细胞，nucleus是细胞核，chromosome 是染色体，DNA molecule contains many genes的意思是DNA分子包含很多基因 allele是等位基因 讲明白一点：体细胞就是非生殖细胞，人体“体细胞”，除了精细胞和卵细胞其它都是normal cell。体细胞和生殖细胞的区别就是体细胞有46条
简单说一下，从大到小，chromosome是染色体，主要由dna与组蛋白的高度折叠而成，dna是脱氧核糖核酸，生物...
RT changes occur prior to 2CLC emergence, suggesting that RT may predispose to gene expression changes and consequent reprogramming of cell fate. Slowing down replication fork speed experimentally induces 2CLCs. In vivo, slowing fork speed improves the reprogramming efficiency of somatic cell nuclear ...
The E. coli chromosome is organized by an interconnected network of DNA supercoiling, transcription, and abundant nucleoid-associated DNA-binding proteins (Dame, Kalmykowa, & Grainger, 2011). In this section we will outline of the basic principles of nucleoid organization, the relationships between...
The Philadelphia chromosome arises from a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 [45] that juxtapose the 5′ region of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene with the 3′ region of Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1). The BCR–ABL fusion...
A contribution of DNA methylation to defense against invading nucleic acids and maintenance of genome integrity is uncontested; however, our understanding of the extent of involvement of this epigenetic mark in genome-wide gene regulation and plant devel
To test our hypothesis that loop extrusion may promote DSB repair by facilitating DSB synapsis, we performed 3D polymer simulations with experimentally constrained loop extrusion dynamic parameters41that incorporate DSBs, LEFs, and boundary elements (BEs). We simulated one chromosome 70 Mb in length...
(SS). The y-axis indicates the percentage of methylated cytosines according to each methylation level range, which is shown on the x-axis.dDistribution of 5-methylcytosine density on chromosome 1 in PS.eRelative proportions of mCs in three sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH) inP. ...
DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with many critical aspects of molecular regulation, such as gene and transposon silencing, genomic imprinting as well as X chromosome inactivation [79,80,81,82,83]. Given that epigenetic modifications have been demonstrated to play a key role in ge...
chromosome 5. Blue dots indicate methylcytosine density. Smoothed lines represent the methylcytosine (CG、CHG and CHH ) density in each context. Red arrows highlight the differences of methylcytosine density between the Cd-free and Cd-exposed rice chromosome 5. (C): Levels of CG methylation and ...