Indirect contributions—influences on and appropriations by other actors in the wider realm of biology as politics—are discussed as well as the more direct effects.doi:10.1080/09505431003660246TaylorPeter J.RoutledgeScience As Culture
The Long-Term Benefits of Human Generosity in Indirect Reciprocity Among the theories that have been proposed to explain the evolution of altruism [1–7] are direct reciprocity [8–11] and indirect reciprocity [12–21]. Th... C Wedekind,VA Braithwaite - 《Current Biology》 被引量: 379发表...
There are, however, multiple forms of indirect reciprocity. Initially, theoreticians focused on positive indirect reciprocity—a process in which individuals condition theircooperative behavioron the reputation or social standing of others, with those in good standing being more likely to receive help w...
Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain Article Open access 06 August 2021 Introduction Lightning can occur during thunderstorms and discharges may have currents of larger than 200 kA in case of cloud-to-ground strikes1. Humans are endangered outdoor...
The instrument’s main benefits are its high throughput, production of very clear scanned images of the cells and user friendliness (Michela et al., 2022). The linking of the oCelloScope to a fermenter via a flow-through cell can facilitate on-line monitoring of the fungal cell size and ...
Indirect: Exposure to steam at high temperature and pressure, where hydrogen, an intermediate product, is added to the product. This process also includes steam reforming. Pyrolysis: Reduction of carbon by rejecting it through solid char or CO2 gas. ...
To measure this indirect n-th order influence of bots on agents, in the next paragraph, we compare the two simulation conditions (bot vs. no bot) while using the same random seed and holding all other conditions constant. Fig. 3 Direct bot influence. (a) The average number of nodes ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is beneficial to a cell if the acquired gene confers a useful function, but is detrimental if the gene has no function, if it is incompatible with existing genes, or if it is a selfishly replicating mobile element. If the b
nature communications biology articles article Article Open access Published: 03 July 2024 Direct and indirect pathways for heterosynaptic interaction underlying developmental synapse elimination in the mouse cerebellum Hisako Nakayama, Taisuke Miyazaki, Manabu Abe, Maya Yamazaki, Yoshinobu Kawamura, ...
To date, many natural small molecules have been shown to upregulate or downregulate GRP78, but most of these GRP78 activators/inhibitors achieve this effect by interfering with indirect mechanisms of multiple pathways and targets. In this review, only thenatural compoundsthat directly interact with ...