NIE: Natural Indirect Effect.TDE: Total Direct Effect;TIE: Total Indirect Effect;PDE: Pure Direct Effect;PIE: Pure Indirect Effect.主要内容X Z Y 设想, 药物XX的影响通过俩种途径:直接对身体产生的影响; 服用药物XX会导致头疼, 故患者大概率会服用镇痛剂, 镇痛剂会利于(或者不利于)恢复....
Since most houseplants are better suited for filtered or indirect lighting conditions, direct sunlight outside or through a window can be too intense for the plants. If a window does receive direct sunlight, a thin curtain can filter the intensity of the light causing it to become indirect. No...
Statistical inferences about indirect effects have relied exclusively on asymptotic methods which assume that the limiting distribution of the estimator is normal, with a standard error derived from the delta method. We examine bootstrap procedures as another way to generate standard errors and ...
Community patterns are determined by both direct and indirect effects, but the nature and relative importance of these effects are often dependent on abiotic environmental factors.
论文 -- 毕业论文 文档标签: Direct 系统标签: indirect direct acclaim 赞誉 characterization character Direct vs. Indirect Direct vs. Indirect Characterization Characterization Mr. Sabolcik Mr. Sabolcik English I English I Quickwrite Quickwrite What is the difference between direct and What is the ...
Interventions: Participants received either indirect or direct therapy for 8 to 12 weeks. Indirect therapy focused on education and discussion of voice principles, while direct treatment used the stimulus, response, antecedent paradigm. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome measure was PVRQOL...
关键词: self esteem, direct vs indirect self enhancement in group involvement, college students DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.3.445 被引量: 433 年份: 1988 收藏 引用 批量引用 报错 分享 全部来源 免费下载 求助全文 全文购买 Semantic Scholar (全网免费下载) 掌桥科研 dx.doi.org APA ResearchGate (全网...
The study of the consequences of turnover on organisational outcomes over time is important and it has begun to address at the collective level to understand the direct causal effects. However, few have investigated the underlying reasons for the negative effects of team turnover on organisational ...
Purportedly universal instrumentalist views of language functions are critically reviewed, whether conceived more narrowly in respect of denotational (referential and predicational) uses or more widely in respect of interpersonal (pragmatic) goals or effects. In both these realms the concept of discernible...
Indirect effects, such as wolf effects on weaning weights, and conception rates, may also reduce profitability. By not including indirect wolf effects, compensation programs may systematically undercompensate ranchers. We use a stochastic budget model of a representative cow–calf ranch in northwest ...