通过区分直接效应和间接效应,研究者可以更全面地理解变量间的相互作用机制。 与'Direct effect'相关的其他概念辨析 与直接效应相关的概念还包括间接效应(Indirect Effect)和总效应(Total Effect)。间接效应是指一个因素通过中介因素对另一因素产生的影响,而总效应则是指一个因素或变量对另一...
Judea Pearl是图灵奖得主,因果推断的奠基人之一。由于阅读的论文中涉及到反事实推断中Total Effect(TE), Natural Direct Effect(NDE), Total Indirect Effect(TIE)等概念,涉及到反事实推断方法的核心,因此前来拜读一下Pearl老
SubjectIndirect effectp-valueDirect effectp-valueTotal effectp-value EPA tools for school Overall -0.217 0.40 -2.44 0.09 -2.66 0.09 Math -0.175 0.40 -3.31 <0.001 -3.49 <0.001 Algebra I 0.042 0.72 -1.67 0.04 -1.63 0.04 Algebra II/trigonometry -1.376 <0.001 -1.56 0.16 -2.94 0.02 Geometry ...
TDE: Total Direct Effect;TIE: Total Indirect Effect;PDE: Pure Direct Effect;PIE: Pure Indirect Effect.主要内容X Z Y 设想, 药物XX的影响通过俩种途径:直接对身体产生的影响; 服用药物XX会导致头疼, 故患者大概率会服用镇痛剂, 镇痛剂会利于(或者不利于)恢复....
Table 2. Standardized direct, indirect, and total effect of perceived green space on mental health. PathwaysDirect effectIndirect effectTotal effect Perceived green space→ Social cohesion→ Mental health problems – −0.019*** – Perceived green space→ Environmental disturbance→ Social cohesion→ Me...
indirect effectsdirect effectsIt has long been believed that the decomposition of the total effect of one variable on another into direct and indirect effects, while feasible in linear modelBreen, RichardKarlson, Kristian BerntHolm, AndersSocial Science Electronic Publishing...
G. (2014). Theory and analysis of total, direct, and indirect causal effects. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49(5), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2014.931797. Article Google Scholar Mayer, A., Dietzfelbinger, L., Rosseel, Y., & Steyer, R. (2016). The EffectLiteR ...
Total effect was decomposed into direct and indirect (mediating) effect using logistic regression based on the KHB method proposed by Holm et al. RESULTS: After adjusting for the aforementioned potential confounders, the mediating effects ... S Li,L Fang,Y Zhou,... - 《European Journal of Pub...
We find that the indirect effect can be either positive or negative, and in all industries is energy using. The net impact of environmental regulations on total factor productivity growth is fairly small, given that these are the most polluting industries. They account for about 10–30% of ...
Direct effectIndirect effectTotal effect Age −0.226 *** −0.053 * −0.279 *** Female (reference: male) −0.007 −0.012 −0.019 Local farmers - viti- and pomiculture (reference: residents) −0.023 −0.045 −0.068 Local farmers - dairy farming (reference: residents) −0.069...