emissions from fuel combustion and related indicators for over 140 countries and regional aggregates. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emission factors given in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National ...
In order to consider this effect, this paper proposes a new method that estimates a range of potential CO2 emissions abated by wind energy based on two dynamic displacement emission factors, which are periodically updated according to the evolution of the future energy mix. Such factors represent ...
This is due to the factors such as lack of specified regulations about the type of consumed fuels. Moreover, there does not exist any technological leadership among the fossil-fuel power plants. It was also found that even by considering these conditions, proper resource management and utilizing...
CO2 emissions, contributed mainly by the energy sector, are one of the largest contributing factors to warm up the global climate (IPCC, 2014). The fifth evaluation report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) known as AR5 clearly demonstrates that the world is continuing to ...
oil and natural gas. Emission factors can be further separated into the net heating values for each fuel “v”, the energy obtained per unit of fuel (TJ/t), the carbon content “c” (tC/TJ) and the oxidation rate “o”, which is the fraction (in %) of fuel oxidized during combusti...
Moreover, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is one of the factors that has inflamed the already “hot” prices of commodities: not only those used as energy sources (oil and gas) but also industrial metals and agricultural products (wheat and corn) that feed many countries of the world. Already...
Some other studies have also revealed the presence of an N-shaped EKC, where the findings validate that external factors can be significantly influential in determining the association in the environment-economic growth nexus (see Numan et al., 2022; Fakher et al., 2023; Gao et al., 2023; ...
The current total peatland CO2 emission of 2000 Mt/y equals almost 8% of global emissions from fossil fuel burning. These emissions have been rapidly increasing since 1985 and will further increase unless action is taken. Over 90% of... A Hooijer,M Silvius,H. Wsten,... 被引量: 496发表...
fueli.CCiis the “carbon content” of fueli, which quantifies carbon emissions per net caloric value produced.Orefers to “oxygenation efficiency”, which represents the oxidation ratio during fossil fuel combustion. The emission factors are collected from our previous study17,24(shown in Table1...
Table 4.CH4emission factors from LDG and LDD vehicles by fuel types and speed ranges. The CH4emission factors of LDD vehicles were 0.08 to 6.26 mg/km, 0.06 to 5.58 mg/km, and 0.06 to 5.94 mg/km over three phases of the driving cycle, respectively. The highest emission factor was produc...