Chronic venous disease is a condition in which blood does not flow efficiently through the veins in the legs toward the heart. Spider veins and varicose veins are common signs of early-stage chronic venous disease. Untreated varicose veins are associate
Some children with chronic kidney disease are born with incurable conditions that adversely affect their wellbeing throughout childhood and into adult life. The proportion of children that start RRT in infancy that are born prematurely or small for gestational age is as high as 50% and this ...
An interplay of pathophysiological processes associated with the chronic kidney disease milieu contribute to the pathogenesis of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy. These can be broadly divided into factors which increase afterload, preload, and those which result from maladaptive perturbations of intrinsic factors...
Simi- larly, moderate to severe medial temporal lobe atrophy was present in more than 40% of cognitively impaired patients with cerebral small vessel disease [2, 27]. Our previous pathological studies showed that volumes of hippocampal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2 and CA4 regions...
Osteoprotegerin is a marker of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 Article Open access 28 January 2021 Early-onset coronary atherosclerosis in patients with low levels of omega-3 fatty acids Article 02 January 2020 Association of serum HIF-1α levels wi...
repeat surgery. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes has been applied to developing potential drug treatments. Ongoing research is needed to identify if these therapies are successful in controlling the inflammatory and angiogenic disease processes leading to control and resolution of ...
For many adult human organs, tissue regeneration during chronic disease remains a controversial subject. Regenerative processes are easily observed in animal models, and their underlying mechanisms are becoming well characterized1–4, but technical chall
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10–15% worldwide. An inverse-graded relationship exists between cardiovascular events and mortality with kidney function which is independent of age, sex, and other risk factors. T
small spore size (2–3 µm) and abundance (inhaled air can contain up to 100 conidia/m3) [12]Aspergillusconidia are able to reach the lung alveoli. However, these conidia are normally promptly removed by the innate immune system of the immunocompetent host and are unable to cause disease...
The dose has been varied in an attempt to keep pace with blood loss as the disease has progressed. The initial approach was to meet demand by increasing the amount of iron incrementally per infusion to a maximum of 2000 mg per infusion, based on 20 mg/kg body weight.18 Because ...