The presence of an acute ischaemic syndrome of the upper extremity, usually in a young female, suggests the possibility of a thrombosis in a poststenotic aneurysm. Venous If the subclavian vein is impaired, cyanosis, swelling and oedema of the hand and forearm are the indirect signs of this ...
Progressive degeneration of the facet joints is seen, which may lead to facet joint syndrome.56 Radicular pain also may be seen because the lateral nerve roots can become trapped in the intervertebral foramen.57 Traction spurs (usually found anteriorly) are sometimes seen on radiological examination...
We believe that this pain is distinct from the centralized pain that results from changes in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord and from widespread pain syndrome, which might help explain why some interventional pain procedures are ineffective in stopping the pain despite having been performed ...