Cervical radiculopathy must be differentiated from other possible causes of upper extremity pain, which might include thoracic outlet syndrome; referral patterns from cervical and upper thoracic anatomic structures; shoulder girdle impairments, such as a rotator cuff impingement; elbow impairments, such as ...
Variables evaluated for their association with outcome included age, sex, duration of pain, opioid use, pain referral pattern, paraspinal tenderness, pain exacerbated by extension/rotation, magnetic resonance image abnormalities, diabetes, smoking, scoliosis, obesity, prior surgery, and levels treated. ...
Cervical facet pain is typically a unilateral, dull aching pain with occasional referral into the occipital or trapezial region, depending on the facet joint involved (Table 6.7). • The pain referral zones for facet pain overlap with myofascial and disc pain patterns, making it difficult to ...
Wide, ataxic gait pattern • Poor hand dexterity • Weakness • Lhermitte's phenomena—A sensation of electric shocks radiating down the arms when axial pressure is applied to the head • Dysdiadochokinesia—Loss of coordination and dexterity of the hands, especially during rapid movements...
pattern of referred symptoms, and cervical dynatomes forcervical nerve rootsC4 through C8 have been studied. Slipman et al.'s dynatomal mapping15derived cervical spinal nerve root stimulation referral patterns by mechanically stimulating a given spinal nerve and asking patients to delineate areas of ...
It is not currently known whether the fatty infiltration pattern is due to structural damage, nerve injury, or generalized disuse atrophy. However, future work may help to identify the underlying mechanism as well as indications for treatment and management approaches to address these problems. ...
85,88 Each medial branch also imparts sensory innervation to the corresponding facet joints above and below it.88 This pattern of innervation discussed above holds true for the dorsal rami of the C4 through C8 spinal nerves. The C1 through C3 dorsal rami represent a more novel course and ...