one should consider the factors that could contribute to β-cell heterogeneity. Hence, understanding the process of β-cell development, β-cell interaction with neighbouring cells, and β-cell response to stimulus can open the door to an explanation behind β...
In addition, we demonstrate that p38 is differentially regulated in response to anisomycin and mitogens with respect to the involvement of small GTPases (Figure 6). Dual regulation of a kinase depending on the extracellular stimulus has been proposed in the neuronal cell line PC12 for ERK [...
to assess the cognitive perception of pain using operant testing. All of these paradigms are based on the opinion that SCI-NP animals prefer escaping or avoiding a negative stimulus. Animals may choose to live in an unpleasant bright place free of painful stimuli, or in their naturally favored ...
Instrumental behaviour is distinguished from Pavlovian (classical) conditioning, in which stimulus and outcome are associated but no response action is required. Perseverative behaviour An inability to update or alter a behavioural strategy when the rule (or rules) of the current task has changed, ...
Answer to: Name the hormones that control the body's metabolism and cellular oxidation. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step...
Glucagon-like peptide 1 treatment reverses vascular remodelling by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression through inhibition of the ERK1/2/NF-κB signalling pathway Shao-Hua Fan, Qian-Feng Xiong, Lei Wang, Li-Hui Zhang, Ya-Wei Shi ...
Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. In yeast, nitrogen starvation is most potent stimulus, but withdrawal of other essential factors such as carbon, auxotrophic amino acids and nucleic acids and even sulfate can...
Therefore, the aim of this study was to shed light on the functional role of PARP-1 cleavage at the DEVD site and to investigate the role of each fragment produced in cell viability and the NF-kB transcriptional response during ischemic stress. Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were used...
Other pharmaceutical compounds can include, for example, nicotinamide, hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha, glucagon like peptide-I (GLP-1), GLP-1 and GLP-2 mimetibody, and II, Exendin-4, retinoic acid, parathyroid hormone, tenascin-C, tropoelastin, thrombin-derived peptides, cathelicidins, ...
(OXM), a glucagon-like hormone, administration to liver explants was shown to affect the molecular clock and carbohydrate-related CCGs as well as when given in vivo. Interestingly, blockade of OXM suppresses food-induced molecular clock alterations in the liver—but not in the SCN—thus placing...