Primordial germ cells are the first population of germ cells established during early embryo development in animals,12yet the origin of PGCs differs among animals. Single-cell transcriptome shows that the germline ofXenopusis evolutionarily closer to that of zebrafish than to humans and mice.45In so...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by an irreversible degeneration of articular cartilage. Here we show that the BMP-antagonist Gremlin 1 (Grem1) marks a bipotent chondrogenic and osteogenic progenitor cell population within the articular surface. Nota
Prophase.Prior to mitosis, chromosomes appear in the nucleus as a tangled mass of thin strands (chromatin) and are not distinguishable from each other as separate entities. During prophase, the chromosomes condense into shorter and thicker rodlike structures that can be easily seen to consist of ...
Clearly, there is an unmet need for the design of new smart biomaterials and stem cell therapies to create a whole cornea that is indistinguishable from the original native tissue and fulfills the natural functions of a transparent cornea. This can be achieved by understanding the physical and ...
Many G2/M phase-specific genes in plants contain mitosis-specific activator (MSA) elements, which act as G2/M phase-specific enhancers and bind with R1R2R3-Myb transcription factors. Here, we examined the genome-wide effects of NtmybA2 overexpression, one of the R1R2R3-Myb transcription fac...
Failure to overcome replication stress can result in incomplete genome duplication, which, if left to persist into the subsequent mitosis, can result in structural and numerical chromosomal instability. We have recently applied the DNA fiber assay to the study of replication stress in human PSC and...
An enrichment map of the results (Figure 3H) showed that, similar to standard CMs exposed to DM (Figure S2E), expression of genes related to DNA synthesis and mitosis was lower in the FP CMs. Furthermore, genes involved in muscle contraction and the TCA cycle were negatively enriched in ...
Caption CTC clusters metastasis. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are a group of tumor cells that move together in a cancer patient's bloodstream and have strong cell–cell contacts. These cells shed directly from the primary tumor "self-seeding" (1), or they can be formed when single...
Chromosomal gain promotes formation of a steep RanGTP gradient that drives mitosis in aneuploid cells. J. Cell Biol. 200, 151–161 (2013). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kirschner, M. & Mitchison, T. Beyond self-assembly: from microtubules to morphogenesis. Cell 45, 329...
Cells located along the rim of the colony lack cell-to-cell contact at one open end, which might trigger uneven segregation during mitosis and may lead to spontaneous differentiation in these cells as a result. Therefore, when designing a cell culture system for undifferentiated cells that form ...