Biology A level OCR - Eukaryotic Cell Structure. This is following the OCR textbook for A level biology. The cheat sheet is on module 2, foundations in biology.
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Jun Xia & Feng Liu Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA ...
BCAT2过表达或下调BCAT2并不影响细胞内乙酰CoA水平和组蛋白乙酰化,这是通过抑制ATP柠檬酸裂解酶下调的(图3a-d)。此外,在KC小鼠中,BCAT2敲除后,腺泡细胞(而不是PanIN导管细胞)的组蛋白乙酰化显著降低(图3e),表明在腺泡-导管转化期间,腺泡细胞中BCAA衍生的乙酰辅酶A发挥重要作用,但在导管细胞中没有。 图3 BCAT2...
f, Flow cytometry analysis of the mass and membrane potential of mitochondria in wildtype (WT) and Map3k14tKO (tKO) CD8 T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 for 24 h. g, Ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione in Map3k14tKO (upper), NIKiTg ...
In a simplified view, complexes I, III, and IV transport protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space (between the IMM and the outer mitochondrial membrane [OMM]) in specific invaginations of the IMM called cristae. The mitochondrial ATP synthase (often called complex V) ...
These findings suggest that the biology of CSCs depends on intact mitochondrial activity and function. Since CSCs produce more mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, more mitochondria-derived ROS are produced, and they consume more oxygen than differentiated cells in the tumor bulk; mitochondrial ...
4d). At the same time, the protein level of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane Tom20 was lower in O-ADSCs than that in L-ADSCs (Fig. 4e and Additional file 2: Fig S2). Fig. 4 Mitochondrial morphology and function of L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. a Representation of TEM images of...
In vitro, ASCs up-regulated the level of mitochondrial FAO, OCR and ATP production in macrophages, reduced lipid deposition of macrophages and promoted M2 macrophages polarization by paracine function. The ability of ASCs in group pretreated with etomoxir to reduce the foaming of macrophages, ...
T cell function and fate can be influenced by several metabolites: in some cases, acting through enzymatic inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, in others, through post-translational modification of lysines in important targets. We show
Small metabolites have great evolutionary potential as communication molecules, as they can be synthesized and secreted much more rapidly, using fewer cellular resources, than components of classical cell signalling pathways mediated by cytoplasmic, membrane-bound or secreted proteins. This research builds ...