Hence, it is needed to understand the mechanism of all components involved in cancer cell environment to monitor the metastatic process [39]. Hematopoietic stem cells are progenitor cells that are found in blood and bone marrow. These cells act as a father cell and can be differentiated to ...
Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhib...
Finally, cancer immunotherapy may be a breakthrough for targeting specifically CSCs in cancer patients. For cancer immunotherapy, several effectors, including natural killer (NK) cells and γδT cells in innate immunity, antibodies in acquired humoral immunity, CSC-based dendritic cells, and CSC-prim...
as stimulation solely through the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex can induce anergy2. In particular, it is well known that tumors can impede proper T-cell priming to tumor antigens, a key factor in suppressing the antitumor response. Therapies targeting potent costimulatory signal-delivering receptor...
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of mature B-cells characterized by translocation, which is typically due to excess expression of Cyclin D1. Although with the progress in our knowledge of the causes for MCL and availa
The enhancement of stem cell features appeared by the activation of the Notch mechanism. Macrophages can secrete factor Oncostatin-M, an IL-6 family cytokine, which activate the dedifferentiation of triple negative breast cancer cells into aggressive stem cells [90]. With regards to the crosstalk ...
When errors happen during replication, this mechanism blocks the cell cycle to allow for repair; downregulation of WEE1, either by decreased synthesis or through proteolytic degradation, promotes entry into mitosis [237,238]. The role of WEE1 as a gatekeeper for the G2/M transition suggests ...
Researchers at Emory University have identified a mechanism for skin cell death that might lead to new treatments for “flesh-eating” infections, alopecia, hives, and perhaps even melanoma, the deadliest type of skin cancer. The findings, which were published inNature, are part of ongoing resear...
Cancer cell study breakthroughTanya Thompson
cell malignancies, complete responses are associated with robust CAR T-cell proliferation, with a clear advantage of long-term CAR T-cell persistence [6,17,18,19,20,21]. Thus, limited CAR T-cell expansion and persistence following therapy is a common mechanism of treatment failure. Lack of ...