T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen-specific immunity. In addition, encounters with cognate antigens generate immunological memory, the capacity for long-term,...
Cancer-specific T cells are required for effective anti-cancer immunity and have a central role in cancer immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only a small fraction of tumor-infiltrating T cells are cancer specific, and T cells that recognize cancer-unrelated antigens (so-called...
T cells are subject to tight regulatory measures, as uncontrolled responses might be detrimental to the host. Control measures include central or thymic tolerance, and peripheral tolerance mechanisms acting after naive T cells have encountered their cognate antigen, such as anergy induction, the ...
BystanderTcellsinhumanimmuneresponsesto dengueantigens DuangchanSuwannasaen,ArunratRomphruk,ChanvitLeelayuwat,GanjanaLertmemongkolchai* Abstract Background:PreviousstudiesofTcellactivationindengueinfectionhavefocusedonrestrictionofspecificTcell receptors(TCRs)andclassicalMHCmolecules.However,bystanderTcellactivation,wh...
Various forms of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, are proving to be effective at restoring T cell-mediated immune responses that can lead to marked and sustained clinical responses, but only in some patients and cancer types1–4.
T cells are subject to tight regulatory measures, as uncontrolled responses might be detrimental to the host. Control measures include central or thymic tolerance, and peripheral tolerance mechanisms acting after naive T cells have encountered their cognate antigen, such as anergy induction, the contrac...
Acquired immunity against viruses relies on the activation of virus-specific T cells to combat and clear the virus from the infected host. CD8 T cells are essential to this process, due to their ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens presented by class I major histocompatibi...
Recent work has also demonstrated that activated bystander CD8 T cells mediate significant demyelination. The ability of bystander CD4 T cells to mediate demyelination was investigated using CD4 T cell transgenic mice. The results indicated that bystander CD4 T cells were unable to cause demyelination ...
cells and then kill them. However, even CTLs that cannot recognize islet-specific antigens (but for example viral antigen) nonetheless invade pancreata as inflammation progresses. These cells have been dubbed bystanders, since researchers didn't know what they did. Many thought they might enhance...
Bystander T cells lack specificity for the pathogen, but can nevertheless impact the course of the immune response to the infection. For example, bystander-activated CD8T cells can participate in protective immunity by secreting cytokines, such as interferon-纬. They also mediate host injury by ...