Thus, after the Civil Rights Act of 1991 became law, individuals could attempt to prove they were discriminated against because of their sex, for example, or they could prove a lesser level of causation—for example, that their sex was a motivating factor for the challenged decision, even if...
See also:but,for McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. but for Except for, were it not for. For example,But for the afternoon shower, it was a perfect day, orBut for the children, they would have gotten a divorce lon...
Looking Ahead:The Eighth Circuit's decision marks the first time a federal appellate court has construed § 1320a-7b(g) to require but-for causation and will prove helpful to defendants in AKS-based FCA suits. But other courts, including the Third Circuit, have understood § 1320a-7b(g) ...
A thir d also made exaggerate d claims of causation when in fact the study foun d an association only. Particularly worrying was that many of the exaggerate d claims appear to have been written or at least approve d by scientists themselves.But, you coul d argue, aren't journalists to ...
Does Correlation Alone Suffice With No Concern for Causation? The authors introduce one of their strangest claims in the following sentence: The ideal of identifying causal mechanisms is a self-congratulatory illusion; big data overturns this.(p. 18) ...
In addition, we discuss how to conduct a power analysis for mediation models and offer an applied example to demonstrate mediation analysis. Finally, we provide an example write-up of mediation analysis results as a model for applied researchers....
Here, we report an instance of correlation not leading to causation, in that elevated H1x protein levels in the vHipp were associated with the stress-susceptible phenotype, but not causal in modulating any stress-related behaviors. We selected HSV viral vectors, a specific neurotrophic vector [37...
In the spirit of this essay, it might be speculated that ele- ments of the psychophysically neutral, which is void of spacetime and has no place for (efficient) causation, might be interesting candidates. 9 To give just a glimpse of the richness of mathematical structures, there are ...
How, for example, did the patient and her doctors 1 A. Skuse, Constructions of Cancer in Early Modern England © Alanna Skuse 2015 2 Constructions of Cancer in Early Modern England understand 'cancer', and why was it deemed so serious that to be rid of it, Mrs Townsend was prepared ...
“There have been literally hundreds of observational studies that show a connection between ultraprocessed foods and adverse health outcomes — nearly all show harm,” Nestle said. “Observational studies don’t prove causation, but Kevin Hall’s experiment, which I think is one of the most i...