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If we take into account this point, the empiricist critique of the notion of causation proves to be untenable. In the next section I argue, for the case of science, that the existence of causation, in the form of real causal interaction, is a precondition of obtaining sound experimental ...
aTypical examples occur in,say,the designing of supersonic aircraft that can impose sonic bangs on large populations,or the planning of new cities that can drastically alter the circumstances of millions of people.The ultimate answer to the dilemma is not for designers to become as goods but ...
control. To say that explanations are altogether unnecessary today in the world of Big Data is a departure from the past that holds no hope for the future. Making use of correlations without understanding causation might indeed by useful at times, but it isn’t progress, and it is prone to...
34 The few reported examples of tolbutamide jaundice have been cholestatic. Gregory et al.1023 described a case of prolonged jaundice with features resembling those of primary biliary cirrhosis and a fatal outcome. Tolazamide has also been incriminated in chronic cholestasis.34 Sulphonylurea ...
Q: Some people say that popular games have popular TikTok videos, and so it’s more correlation than causation when it comes to creating interest. What do you say to them? A: It’s undoubtedly much easier to get TikTok views if your game is already popular. However, there are numerous ...
To be fair to Kalk’s team, they do state in their paper they have only found an “association” between phone use and mental health issues, but the fact that this is no proof of causation has been glossed over in much of the media coverage. It is almost as if journa...
The disentangling of unintended and unanticipated consequences foregrounds questions of justification and responsibility, illustrated by a debate among moral philosophers on the “double effect,” or the foreseeable causation of harm. At issue is the question of whether a person may “licitly perform ...
In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea. 1. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an...
I present a hypothetical example for analysis, but this is a serious problem that has been written about extensively. See the references below for more examples including an example of poor choice of metrics incentivizing customer-hostile behaviour [1] or poor prioritization [2]. A KPI is a ...