Cupples.Is risk of axillary lymph node metastasis associated with proximity of breast cancer to the skin?[J]. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment .2006(3)Is risk of axillary lymph node metastasis associated with proximity of breast cancer to the skin?[J] . Joan E. Cunningham,Adriana L. ...
This system considers the tumor size and how much it has grown (T), whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (N), and whether it has metastasized (M) to distant sites in the body. Stages are summarized below. Stage I. The cancer is no larger than 2 cm and no cancer cells...
Breast cancer, like other cancers, occurs because of an interaction between an environmental (external) factor and a genetically susceptible host. Normal cells divide as many times as needed and stop. They attach to other cells and stay in place in tissues. Cells become cancerous when they lose...
Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the growth of the disease in the breast/chest wall, and at metastatic sites, initially by surgery alone, then by a combination of surgery with radiati...
Inflammatory breast cancer: This cancer makes the skin of the breast appear red and feel warm (giving it the appearance of an infection). These changes are due to the blockage of lymph vessels by cancer cells. Paget's disease of the nipple: This cancer starts in the ducts of the breast ...
Staging in breast cancer is based on the size of the tumor, which parts of the breast are involved, how many and which lymph nodes are affected, and whether cancer has metastasized to another part of the body. Physicians may refer to cancers as invasive if they spread to other tissues. ...
The TC chemotherapy combo is generally given in situations where a breast cancer tumor has been surgically removed and the cancer has notspread to lymph nodesormetastasized(spread to other areas of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or bones). ...
Get information on breast cancer symptoms, rash, awareness, lump, stages, treatment, causes, and screening. Around 40,000 women in the U.S. die of breast cancer each year. Read about different tests, prevention and early signs.
Breast cancer (BC) with low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is attracting much attention due to the breakthrough progress of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. HER2 expression is examined in patients with HER2-low BC and
Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and targeted ther