About 20%–30% of breast cancer (BC) patients will develop distant metastases, preferentially in bones, liver, lung, and brain. BCs with different intrinsic subtypes prefer different sites for metastasis. These subtypes vary in the abundance of genetic alterations which may influence the localization...
Although metastatic breast cancer is the most common maternal malignancy during the reproductive years, maternal melanoma is most likely to result in metastasis through the placenta to the fetus.93 Leukemia and adenocarcinoma at other sites (e.g., lung, colon) are also seen.94,95 View c...
radiofrequency ablationLesionNOSHuman Females肿瘤转移肝As the hepatic metastasis from breast cancer has a tendency to have an extrahepatic lesion, systemic therapy therefore becomes acclimatization. However, local therapy is regarded as one of the choices if there is no extrahepatic lesion. We present ...
Understanding the mechanisms that enable cancer cells to metastasize is essential in preventing cancer progression. Here we examine the metabolic adaptations of metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) in female breast cancer and how those shape their metastat
Breast cancer, a highly fatal disease due to its tendency to metastasize, is the most prevalent form of malignant tumors among women worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that breast cancer exhibits a unique predilection for metastasis to specific organs including the bone, liver, lung, and brain....
New molecular insights challenge the traditional model of metastasis, and indicate that the metastatic capacity of breast tumours is an inherent feature, and not necessarily a late, acquired phenotype. Local breast cancer might have a 'non-metastatic, good-prognosis' stem cell of origin; metastasizin...
Breast cancer starts as a local disease, but it can metastasize to the lymph nodes and distant organs. At primary diagnosis, prognostic markers are used to assess whether the transition to systemic disease is likely to have occurred. The prevailing model of metastasis reflects this view — it ...
Metastasis of cancer cells is a complex process involving multiple steps including invasion, angiogenesis, and trafficking of cancer cells through blood vessels, extravasations, organ-specific homing, and growth. While matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and cytokines play a maj...
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently invasive malignancy and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide. Cancer metastasis is a complex, multistage process, which eventually causes tumor cells to colonize and grow at the meta
Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the grow