Listening /Reading activities 1. Teaching models Bottom-up model: In the bottom-up model, listening /reading comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions.， reading by introducing new vocabulary and new structures first . In other words, we use information in the speech ...
-Reading for meaning is the primary objective of reading rather than mastery of letters, letter/sound relationships, and words. -Reading requires the use of meaning activities rather than the mastery of a series of word-recognition skills. -The primary focus of instruction should be the reading ...
bottom-up activities 青云英语翻译 请在下面的文本框内输入文字,然后点击开始翻译按钮进行翻译,如果您看不到结果,请重新翻译! 翻译结果1翻译结果2翻译结果3翻译结果4翻译结果5 翻译结果1复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 自底向上的活动 翻译结果2复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部...
In'real-life'listening, our students will have to use a combination of the two processes, with more emphasis on 'top-down' or 'bottom-up' listening depending on their reasons for listening. Top-down vs. bottom-up listening In the classroom Top-down listening activities Bottom-up listening ...
"Top-down"和"Bottom-up"是在英语听力教学中两种重要的策略."Top-down"是听者根据上下语境去猜测听到的大致内容;"Bottom-up"指的是从单个的词汇开始逐个记录,直到获取整个句子的含义.总体上来说,"Top-down"听力策略更适用于英语水平较高的学习者,因为他们已经能比较轻松地识别大部分的常用词汇;而"Bottom-up"听...
Some Chinese researchers have pointed out that the current domestic studies emphasize too much on top-down strategies, whereas the activities concerning bottom-up processing are considered as taboos. 国内的研究者也认为我们过度地强调了至上而下策略的重要性,却把至下而上的训练当成了禁忌。 参考来源EFL环...
Although this is a standard bottom-up approach it is amazing to see how much can be predicted and therefore how even the most bottom-up activities employ a degree of top-down processing. Conclusion As we can see from the activities above, it is almost impossible (and unnecessary) to ...
Many gay men identify as "top," "bottom," or "vers," but others are "sides," indicating they don't enjoy penetrative anal sex.
The proposed 3-phase lessons, involving various activities, emphasises the process approach. These were used as the intervention between the pre-test and post-test of the study. Phase 1, bottom-up processing, focused on vocabulary recognition; whereas Phase 2, top-down processing, focused on ...
Same-Sex Public Policy Making in Spain and Argentina: Comparing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Explanations. 来自 ecpr.eu 喜欢 0 阅读量: 751 作者: K Calvo 摘要: Kerman Calvo and Thomas J. Miley.This paper compares same-sex marriages public policies in Spain and Argentina. In comparing two ...