Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient process whereby eukaryotic cells eliminate disposable or potentially dangerous cytoplasmic material, to support bioenergetic metabolism and adapt to stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy operates as a critical quality control mechanism for the maintenance of...
Autophagy is also a key player in adaptation to stress (Kroemer, Marino, & Levine, 2010; Rubinsztein, Codogno, & Levine, 2012). In particular, proficient autophagic responses generally support cellular viability in the presence of homeostatic perturbations, including metabolic/nutritional, physical, ...
Macroautophagy (autophagy) delivers intracellular constituents to the lysosome to promote catabolism. During development in multiple organisms, autophagy mediates various cellular processes, including survival during starvation, programmed cell death, phagocytosis, organelle elimination, and miRNA regulation. Our ...
2]. Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) is mainly caused by liver surgery, such as partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation, and is an important risk factor leading to poor postoperative outcomes [3]. The occurrence of HIRI follows the two phases of ischemia and reperfusion...
The im- portance of autophagic signaling to homeostasis has been shown by the study of autophagy-defective systems. Autophagy primarily fulfills a pro-survival role during adaptation to unfavorable growth conditions or following cellular stress. Accumulating data also demonstrate its involvement in ...
Stimulating autophagy during periods of starvation is an evo- lutionarily conserved response to stress in eukaryotes. Under starvation conditions, the degradation of proteins and lipids allows the cell to adapt its metabolism and meet its energy needs. The physiological importance of basal autophagy in...
Furthermore, through autophagy, recom- binant retinyl esters stored in lipid droplets are cleaved to generate fatty acids, which stimulate the myofibroblast differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). It has also been observed that autophagy promotes cellular homeostasis in liver endothelial cells...
in determining cell fate and adaptation to different challenges, and despite the fact that it is frequently dysregulated in cancer, antitumor therapeutic strategies leveraging on or targeting this process are scarce. This is due to many reasons, including the very contextual effects of autophagy in ...
Autophagy is a cellular self-degradation system that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional organelles to help maintain cellular metabolic needs. In response to stress, autophagy is also a catabolic process that generate nutrients and energy to facilitate the cells adaptation [[17], [18], [19]]. Our...
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