We tested the effect of autophagy inhibition on D2A1 cells seeded on BME matrices before and after their dormant-to-proliferative switch which occurs after 4–6 days of culture8 (Supplementary Fig. 1). We observed a significant increase in the percentage of dead cells when HCQ was added imm...
All authors wrote the article and reviewed and edited the manuscript before submission. Corresponding author Correspondence to Jae U. Jung. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard ...
ATG9C (5 μM) and ATG13-101 (30 μM) were incubated at 4°C for 1 h before pull-down. (F) ATG101 does not interact with the ATG9N-ATG13HORMA complex. Pull-down performed after 1 h incubation at 4°C using 2 μM bait and 6 μM prey. See also Figure S1. Results ...
We investigated endometrial mRNA expression of 23 autophagy-related (ATG) genes and transcription factors in healthy controls (n = 12) and anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients (n = 24), as well as in their subgroup (n = 12) before and after metformin treatment. The mRNA ...
A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) (MCE) was used to assess the viability of the bladder cancer cell lines after drug treatment. A total of 2 × 103 cells were seeded into 96-well culture dishes, treated with ENZ and an autophagy inhibitor (drugs or gene manipulation) for 24–72 h, ...
Primary injury refers to the local tissue damage caused by an intracerebral haematoma, primarily occurring within minutes to hours after the onset of the disease [9]. Secondary brain injury is primarily induced by inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, all of which can initiate ...
treatment with Rapa (5 mg/kg) or CQ (40 mg/kg) alone 3 times a week, (d) 3 rounds of intratumoral administration with HVJ-E (5 × 109 virus particles per dose), and (e, f) HVJ-E along with CQ or Rapa (the identical dose as described prior) given 1 d before HVJ-E ...
Aut1 loss of function mutant larvae fail to induce autophagy in the fat body before puparium stage and die during metamorphosis [26]. Recently, SNF4Aγ function in autophagosome formation during larval metamorphosis was revealed through a combination of Drosophila mutational and RNAi studies [28]....
4) before and after modulation of the degradative systems, we found that proteasome inhibition with MG132 leads to an overall increase in TDP-25 levels analysed in FRA in the NP-40 soluble fraction. In addition, both TDP-43 fragments were found increased in the NP-40 insoluble fraction ...
Kidney tissues from the rats were frozen in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek, Tokyo, Japan) and sectioned at a thickness of 4 μm. The cryostat sections were fixed in acetone for 20 minutes at room temperature. Before and after incubating the tissue sections with 0.3% Triton X-100 for ...