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The observed differentiation pattern is most likely the result of historically low genetic variation resulting from restricted geographic range and aggravated by recent an- thropogenically induced bottlenecks. Based on slight dif- ferences in allele frequencies among populations, we suggest that three ...
4. Compared with the gene arrangement in ancestral crustaceans (the pancrutacean ground pattern) [45], the order of the six pairs of overlapping genes is typical except for nad4L and nad6 in the H. wuana mitogenome. Nine genes and gene blocks appear to be rearranged, along with the ...
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The resulting underlying pattern of the rating matrix, known as its low-rank structure, allows MC to make predictions for unseen entries in that matrix. For this reason, MC typically includes a regularization term in its mathematical formulation, whose goal is to enforce a low-rank structure to...
Our results correspond to fighting intensity, and we noticed an equivalent pattern. Second, male density changes the cost of fighting, and it is expected to influence fight intensity as well [24]. More specifically, increased competitor density decreases the benefit obtained by fighting because (1...
General pattern of TGO growth and specific geometrical changes with thermal cycling are in particular emphasized. Figure 6a–e represents schematically the physical damaging process as well as the changing geometry of the TGO phase in different thermally exposed conditions of TBC. Oxide layer is ...