One hundred and four novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are described from volunteer donors of the National Marrow Donor Program: 37 HLA-A alleles, 37 HLA-B alleles, and 30 HLA-DRB1 alleles. Seventeen (16%) of the novel alleles were found in multiple individuals and likely are ...
When both alleles are the same the individual is described as being a HOMOZYGOTE; when each allele is different the individual is a HETEROZYGOTE. The number of allelic forms of a gene can be many (MULTIPLE ALLELISM), each form having a slightly different sequence of DNA bases but with the ...
1996). Persons with high novelty seeking are described as “impulsive, exploratory, excitable, disorderly and distractible” (Cloninger 1987, p. 411). According to one article (Benjamin et al. 1996), allelic variation at DRD4 may account for 10% of the genetic variation of novelty seeking. ...
Finally, alleles within the 45–54 CGG repeat range are described as 'intermediate' alleles (IAs), as they may show some instability, including expansion to a full mutation in two generations,7–9 although they have not been observed to expand to full mutations in only one generation. During...
Two HLA alleles' databases are described, as well as the recommendations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicine Agency and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Pharmacoeconomic studies on this issue are also mentioned. The strongest associations remain for ...
Seventy-two novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles are described from volunteers for the 'Be The Match Registry': 17 HLA-A alleles, 12 HLA-C alleles, 31 HLA-B alleles and 12 HLA-DRB1 alleles. Forty-six (64%) of the 72 novel alleles are single-nucleotide su...
Surprisingly, however, two of the newly isolated drICE alleles are gain-of-function mutants in a heterozygous condition, although they are loss-of-function mutants homozygously. Interestingly, they only behave as gain-of-function mutants in the presence of an apoptotic signal. These two alleles ...
All FST values estimated for the CYP2C19 SNPs are lower than the average FST values for autosomal SNPs in worldwide human populations which is approximately 0.123. The CYP2C19 FST values are consistent with the low FST observed for many of the genes involved in immunity such as the major histoc...
In many hymenopterans, sex is determined at a single polymorphic ‘sex locus’. Individuals that are heterozygous at this locus develop as females whereas homozygotes and hemizygotes develop as diploid and haploid males, respectively. Diploid males are d
Control single-strain-housed NOD/Lt and B6 mice (BRF) are shown in a. See also Additional file 1: Figures S1 and S3 Full size image As differences in the microbiota can be influenced by founder effects driven by caging, litter, or colony drift, we performed a cohousing experiment to ...