摘要: Problems with earlier definitions of thermodynamic work, general definitions of thermodynamic work, interesting consequences of the definitions of heat and work, a more general view of work and heat, examples of work and heat, and pedagogical implications.关键词:...
We give conditions on potential and protocol under which the fluctuations of the dissipative work satisfy an exact symmetry for all times. We also present counterexamples to that fluctuation theorem when our conditions are not satisfied. Finally, we consider the dissipated heat, which differs from ...
In the homogeneous limit, an equation of state for the ES pressure of charged particles is derived and the internal energy is shown to consist solely of the -thermal energy of the back ground plasma. Finally, the direct conversion of plasma heat into mechanical work is demonstrated via a S...
Using a universal dynamical equation for a trajectory, we specify a dissipative part of the energy change of work type, which contains a counterdibatic drive term naturally arising from the dynamics along the given trajectory. This enables us to attribute heat and work, respectively, to ...
As a working example we consider a particle subjected to a drag force and two statistically independent Lévy white noises with stability indices α=2 and α=1. The fluctuations of dissipated energy (heat) and distribution of work performed by the force acting on the system are addressed by ...
Energy Transfer Equation Fluid energy transfer. Fossil vs. Alternative Fuels - Energy Content Net (low) and gross (high) energy content in fossil and alternative fuels. Gases - Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants Heat Capacity The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a su...
That is where your equation comes from. AMFAQ: How Do You Calculate Work and Heat in a Carnot Engine Cycle? What is a Carnot engine? A Carnot engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the principles of thermodynamics. It consists of two isothermal (constant temperature) and...
Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 这种化学反应能够释放出光和热。 3. 增加主语 一些被动句在译为主动句时要增加一些主语,比如我们、人们、大家等等。 【例】 This issue has not been solved. 人们还未解决这一问...
We provide a characterization of energy in the form of exchanged heat and work between two interacting constituents of a closed, bipartite, correlated quantum system. By defining a binding energy we derive a consistent quantum formulation of the first law of thermodynamics, in which the role of ...
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