Therefore, in the following using the definition of entropy we will derive formulae for heat and work in quantum thermodynamic systems. Assume that the state of a which can always be uniquely decomposed into its quantum system A with Hamiltonian instantaneous eigenvectors a s16 HA (t ) at...
and a "local" Without loss of generality, such a solution Maxwellian with velocity variance which can be written as the product is position-dependent: Ps (X, V) = π (X, V) g 1/2 (X) 2π exp− g (X 2 ) V 2. (33) Formula (33) - ...
In this work, a novel mathematical model is proposed to investigate the convective heat transfer mechanism caused by pressure difference and gravity. And the multiphase flow assumption is also applied in our model. Then, through a series of calculations, the results of our model are validated by...
The internal rate of return (IRR) can be estimated by equating the net present value formula to zero [55], (44)∑t=0t=LT(CI−CO)t(1+IRR)t=0 The associated costs are capital, insurance, tax, design, engineering, installation, operation and maintenance cost [114]. Tax will be ...
Conversely, the heat kernel constructed from the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami operator determines the Riemannian metric. This work proves the analogy on Euclidean polyhedral surfaces (triangle meshes), that the discrete heat kernel and the discrete Riemannian metric (unique up ...
Seasonal changes of thermal diffusivity and their effect on heat transfer in soils The aim of the work is to describe the effects of seasonal changes of thermal diffusivity (TD) on the thermal regime in shallow subsurface soils. The long ... P Dedecek,A Correia,J Safanda,... - Egu Gene...
In this work we analyze the incidence of the plates' thickness on the Casimir force and radiative heat transfer for a configuration of parallel plates in a non-equilibrium scenario, relating to Lifshitz's and Landauer's formulas. From a first-principles canonical quantization scheme for the study...
Sterno Cooking Fuel is made of a formula that is biodegradable and water soluble, making it safe for disposal in the environment. The steel can is made from recyclable metal. This cooking fuel is clean burning and does not emit carbon monoxide or hazardous fumes, giving you a high-performance...
It is the limit (14) that will be used and explored with experimental data in the present work. All equations of the present section are universal, i.e. this is pure mathematics, which is universal. In the next section we will show how this mathematics could be used for building a ther...
The relation does not work well at synoptic and shorter timescales and also fails in some regions during summer. Modification of this method by including additional geophysical parameters has been proposed with some overall improvement, but the inherent limitation is the lack of information about the...