Resemblance between epitopes contained in microbial and host proteins, leading to cross-reactivity of T cells in the host. Original antigenic sin A 'footprint' of immune responses is established during the first exposure to a pathogen. These specific memory T cell populations are preferentially re-...
Synthesis of glucose from amino acids is called: A) Glycolysis. B) Glycogenesis. C) Gluconeogenesis. D) Hydrolysis. Explain the biochemistry behind the glycogen storage diseases. Which intermediate in glycolysis activates the phosphorylat...
threonine, and tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation regulates protein function, its enzymatic activity, protein–protein interactions, and protein localization. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphatases and can be reversible – phosphorylated proteins can be dephosp...
ZIP4 is found to be upregulated in several types of cancer cells [53, 54, 58]. ZIP6 also plays an important role in numerous cancers, particularly breast cancer [47, 49, 56, 57, 71]. Overexpression of ZnT2 is found to decrease invasive phenotypes of breast cancer cells [72]. In ...
How do proteins become dephosphorylated? What is an enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to another protein called? What do kinases catalyze:? A) addition of phosphate group in a molecule B) removal of a phosphate group from a molecul...
Ginseng pectin is mainly composed of galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalA), arabinose (Ara), and rhamnose (Rha) [14]. Two homogeneous ginseng polysaccharide fractions, GPII and GPIII, have been obtained, both fractions comprised glucose [15]. Zhang et al. [16] obtained the total sugar...
Protein precursors need to be processed by proteases in order to engender a functional product (without pro-peptide). Figure 2: PINK1 (23274-1-AP) is a mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase that protects cells from stress-induced mitochondrial d...
Analysis of O-GlcNAc modified proteins revealed that 68.02% of them are known to be tyrosine phosphorylated (Figure 1A). As our knowledge of phos- phoproteomes is currently increasing rapidly it is expected that this percentage will increase further. Most importantly, 65.11% of the O-GlcNAc ...
These isoforms may be abnormally phosphorylated under various pathogenic conditions, thereby increasing the propensity of the protein to aggregate. Tau aggregates have numerous toxic effects on axonal transport, synaptic function, and neuronal survival, which may occur in both an amyloid-dependent and -...
Read the following statement below and explain your answer: Enzymes that catalyze reactions in which a molecule is phosphorylated are usually called "kinases". Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose (a "hexose", because it is a 6-carbo...