IL-1 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is mainly active in inflammation and immunity. Alveolar macrophages activated by SARS-CoV-2 through the TLR produce IL-1 which stimulates MCs to produce IL-6. IL-1 in combination with IL-6 leads to excessive inflammation which can be lethal. In an ...
All of these lesions had a sharp and regular outer margin and homogenous echo texture, 4 were hypoechoic and 6 hyperechoic. There were no specific EUS features identified that differentiated splenic lobulations from accessory spleen. Conclusions: Accessory spleen and splenic lobulation can be ...
and they are involved in the modulation of behaviour and other critical neurological functions throughout life [25,66,67]. Peripheral immunosenescence and inflammageing can promote neuroinflammation by promoting an active pro-inflammatory state in glial cells, leading to a ...
Role of IFN-beta 2/B cell stimulatory factor 2/IL-6. EBV infects B lymphocytes and induces them to proliferate, to produce Ig, and to give rise to immortal cell lines. Although the mechanisms of by EBV are largely unknown, the continuous proliferation of EBV-immortalized B cells is ...
MAST CELLS are highly differentiated cells, but at least murine mast cells can proliferate in response to both T-cell–derived and fibroblast-derived growth factors.1, 2, 3, 4 The most important T-cell factor for mast cell proliferation is interleukin-3 (IL-3).5 IL-4,6 IL-9,7 and IL...
Interleukin-15 Induces Rapid Tyrosine Phosphorylation of STAT6 and the Expression of Interleukin-4 in Mouse Mast Cells Interleukin (IL)-4 plays an important role in the differentiation of naive T helper (Th) cells into Th2. Mast cells can produce a significant amount of IL-... A Masuda,T...
viruses suppress the immune response by destroying the ER-to-Golgi protein secretion pathway, which affects the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 and IL-13, and loading of viral peptides onto MHC class I molecules for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Al...
Uptake of apoptotic antigen-coupled cells by lymphoid dendritic cells and cross-priming of CD8( þ ) T cells produce active immune unresponsiveness. J Immunol 2002; 168: 5589–5595. 42 Fricke I, Gabrilovich DI. Dendritic cells and tumor microenvironment: a dangerous liaison. Immunol Invest 2006...
Lunemann JD, Jelcic I, Roberts S, Lutterotti A, Tackenberg B, Martin R, Munz C (2008b) EBNA1-specific T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis cross react with myelin antigens and co-produce IFN-gamma and IL-2. J Exp Med 205:1763–1773 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google...
Importantly, IL-6 can still bind to the sIL-6R and the IL-6/sIL-6R complexes formed can associate with gp130-receptor chains to induce signalling. As a wide range of cells express gp130 but not the IL-6R, this process termed “trans-signalling” provides a mechanism for extending the ...