The brain has many parts. The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres which are responsible for movement, sensation, thought, judgment, problem-solving, and emotion. The brain stem sits beneath the cerebrum and connects it to the spinal cord. The brain stem houses the structures that are responsible...
Nerves are complex structures essential to the body’s communication system. They are like the body’s electrical wiring that sends signals from thebrainto the different body parts. Thehuman bodyhas two primary types of nerves: the peripheral and the central. ...
The superior colliculi are paired structures in the brainstem that are responsible for the direction of eye movements and the...
Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults [1]. Diffuse gliomas are thought to arise from glial precursor (progenitor) cells. They include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and ependymoma, among a few other rare histopathologies such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA...
Nuclear structures found in the tegmentum include the red nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and substantia nigra. The red nuclei are a pair of pinkish nuclei that play an important role in coordinating motion and are considered to be the main controllers of voluntary movement in most mammals. The ...
Limbic encephalitis (LE) represents the typical presentation of AE, and was first described in the 1960s as a clinico-pathological entity [7,82] with medial temporal lobe (MTL) symptoms caused by an inflammatory process involving structures of the limbic system, including the hippocampus, amygdala...
Criteria for the clinical population included keywords such as "disease", "disorder", "Alzheimer's", "Parkinson's", etc. Currently, there is tremendous global excitement in the field surrounding the application of FC as a tool to identify clinical biomarkers, stratify patients into biologically-...
included in the respective study had excessive growth of fungus-Candidaspp.-in the intestine, microbiota dysbiosis, in addition to systemic neutrophilia. Moreover, the related fungal activity was found to be IL-6 dependent, and which therefore involves a cytokine that is known as an important ...
Important factors in the analysis of abnormalities are location, size, number of lesions, content characteristics (fat, water, and blood products), vessels, blood flow in the lesion, etc. Different diseases affect different brain structures, making the location of abnormalities found on images an ...
These brain regions, many of which are included in the putative neurocircuitry for stressor-induced reinstatement as described in Section 4, include the mPFC, dorsal and ventral BNST, dorsal hippocampus, locus coeruleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and dorsal raphe nuclei, all of ...