TDO mainly exists in the liver and brain[12, 13], specifically catalyzing the conversion of TRP and some of its derivatives substituted in the 5- and 6-positions of the indole ring[14, 15]. TDO is thought to be
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a monomeric heme-containing enzyme, catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, which plays an important role in immunity and neuronal function. Its implication in d
D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-galactose ...
The basal body is a set of rings embedded in the cell wall and plasma membrane. It consists of 2 pairs of rings in Gram-Negative bacteria and 1 pair of rings in Gram-Positive bacteria. It synthesizes polymers of the flagellum, produces energy for revolution, and regulates movements of the...
Chemistry vocabulary and Chemistry glossary are different from the normal vocabulary. It is a branch of natural science that examines the building blocks of matter, including the atoms, molecules, and ions that make up compounds and their composition, structure, behaviour, and changes that occur ...
These secondary bile acids are then continuously cycled back to the liver through a process called enterohepatic circulation, or they can be excreted in feces. The role of gut microbiota in transforming bile acids is crucial, as it impacts the regulation of the gut's microbial composition. For ...
Survivin (also named BIRC5) is a well-known cancer therapeutic target. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, the use of survivin as a target for cancer therapeutics has remained a central goal of survivin studies in the cancer field. Many studie
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline in cognition. There are currently few effective disease modifying therapies for AD, but insights into the mechanisms that mediate the onset and progression of di
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline in cognition. There are currently few effective disease modifying therapies for AD, but insights into the mechanisms that mediate the onset and progression of di
with an apparent dominance of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family and of the Nitrate transport1/Peptide transporter family (NPF). The current need to explore further hormone transporter regulation, their functional interaction, transport directionalities, and substrate specificities is briefly reviewed...