Our review is inconclusive. Policies frequently state the requirement that GGFs address systemic bottlenecks to industrialisation and development, but this requirement is unspecific. Meanwhile, our interviews show a lack of clarity over GGFs’ social mandate, that different groups may understand this dif...
Lastly, it should be stressed that this process of primitive accumulation is not limited to private capitalism. State capitalism has also had recourse to such techniques. Stalin’s forced collectivisation of the peasantry and the brutal industrialisation involved in five-year plans in the 1930s are...