Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. It affects between 5 and 20% of the general population and can seriously impact quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is rather complex an...
The structure of source polysaccharide has crucial impact on conjugation effectiveness, carrier capacity, drug release rates, in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. For example, while branched structure of dextrin-based carrier partially counter the undesirable initial burst release, it also attenuates...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. It affects between 5 and 20% of the general population and can seriously impact quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is rather complex an...
While secretory products, such as gut-derived metabolites may mediate gut-brain connection, there is also a direct connection via the vagus nerve [56]. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve in the body and stretches from the large intestine to the brain. It is critical in involuntary ...
At present a multidisciplinary care bundle approach to risk factor stratification and reduction is the most attractive management plan based on evidence of slight benefit from individual interventions. As yet no individual anaesthetic technique, drug or mode of monitoring has been proved to reduce the ...
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How does a drug's rate of onset and duration of action affects psychological dependence and withdrawal? Explain in detail. What is the relation between stimulus intensity and stimulus frequency? If the Na/K exchange pump is slowed what will be the effect on the neuron?
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DCS's impact on NMDA receptors, especially those with NR2C subunits, is significant for fear learning and memory processes. It enhances fear extinction, memory consolidation, and visual recognition memory in animals, but its efficacy may decrease with repeated use. The drug's mechanism may be in...
adults, (3) pharmacokinetic characteristics and drug–drug interaction profile, (4) a clinicians' experience of individual AEDs, and (5) the cost of AEDs. First-Line AEDs for Partial Epilepsy Refractory Partial Epilepsy In order to answer the question: 'what is the best first line AED in ...