An EF from 41 to 49 percent might be considered too low. It does not always indicate that a person is developing heart failure, but it could indicate damage, perhaps from a previous heart attack. An ejection fraction measurement under 40 percent might be evidence of heart failure or ...
This viewpoint will focus on the history of the C in the CHA2DS2-VASc score and why it may or may not be considered to extrapolate the CHA2DS2-VASc criteria to patients with HFpEF and AF as well.doi:10.1002/ejhf.1946Bart A. Mulder...
An abnormal ECG is observed in approximately 90% of patients with HF in India;31 this essential aspect must be considered in planning treatment for patients with HF. Echocardiography usage requires greater emphasis in China and Thailand. In Asian populations, in contrast to the Western population,...
Anemia in HF is considered to develop due to a complex interaction of impaired iron metabolism, blunted erythropoietin production and response, kidney disease, altered renin-angiotensin system activity, and systemic inflammation, although micronutrient insufficiency and blood loss may contribute [41]. ...
Although it may seem counterintuitive, subjects with an EF at the upper border of HFrEF may benefit more from device implantation than patients with an LVEF of approximately 15%, because their likelihood to die due to arrhythmia is higher even though they theoretically have a lower absolute risk...