When E. coli and other enterobacteria members develop resistance against cephalosporins after the acquisition of ESBL's what is the most likely mechanisms? a. Acquisition of other ESBL's on a plasmid. b. Mutation of the TEM1 or TEM2 enzymes. c. Conjugatio ...
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Pharmacological resistance is defined by organizations, such as NCCLS and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), that utilize multiple parameters to set breakpoints for susceptibility and resistance. Both in vitro and in vivo characteristics are considered, including population distributions, ...
In addition, ESBL Enterobacteriaceae spp. are responsible for outbreaks irrespective of location. Antibiotic selection of ESBL-producing Gram-negative pathogens is not just related to the total use of antimicrobial agents in hospitals, but also to the particular use of the fluoroquinolones and second-...
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In addition, many clinical microbiologists are unaware of plasmid-encoded AmpC β-lactamases because phenotypic detection is difficult at best and these β-lactamases can be misidentified as extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). This article serves to point out new developments and/or gaps in ...
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