Myocardial infarction and stroke in young women: what is the impact of oral contraceptives?HumansMyocardial InfarctionCerebrovascular DisordersContraceptives, Oral, HormonalIncidenceRiskBias (EpidemiologyConfounding Factors (EpidemiologyAdolescentAdultRecent discussions have centered on the small apparent risk ...
epidemiology Confounding, sometimes referred to as confounding bias, is mostly described as a ‘mixing’ or ‘blurring’ of effects.1 It occurs when an investigator tries to determine the effect of an exposure on the occurrence of a disease (or other outcome), but then actually measures the ef...
Prospective cohort studies are common in fields like medicine, epidemiology, and healthcare. Example: Prospective cohort study You are examining the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of breast cancer over a long period of time. ...
Cohort studies are common in fields like medicine, epidemiology, and healthcare. Example: Prospective cohort study You are examining the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the incidence of a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. You recruit a group of healthy participants, all of whom were...
What are the assumptions in a random forest model? What is facet tropism? What is the meaning of a null hypothesis being rejected? What is Bayesian phylogenetics? What conclusion can we draw from the principle of equivalence? What are confounding variables?
What steps would you take to minimize bias and confounding in a case-control study? What causes color blindness? Can you be color blind in one eye? What is the purpose of blinding and randomization in clinical trials? What is an example of a scientific bias?
This would have resulted in confounding. Confounding factors are those that influence treatment and outcome measures. They include demographics, prognostic factors, and other characteristics that influence someone to participate in, or withdraw from, a trial. Therefore, any differences between treatment ...
Challenges include lack of common markers for viruses in contrast to bacteria, the heterogeneity of the virome elements, difficulties working with low biomass samples, confounding by host DNA background, inadequate bioinformatic tools for analysis of the virome, and a lack of robust and curated vi...
A fundamental challenge in interpreting such a curve is the possibility of confounding: perhaps people with higher levels of exposure tend to be older, or less educated, or to have lower incomes than people with lower levels of exposure, and perhaps such differences contribute to the differences ...
What is the purpose of microscopy labs and steps? Why is study design important in epidemiology? Explain how this serological test is used: Immunoblot procedures What was the purpose of Mendel's pea plant experiments? What type of study would you choose if it was unethical to assign...