The advantages of biomarkers is they can provide objective information on exposure days, months or even years later and evidence of pathology perhaps years earlier. The ordinance makes possible the use of a powerful epidemiologic study design, the prospective cohort study, where confounder(s) are ...
ras Mutations and a cup of coffee: cause, confounder, effect modifier, or what else? 来自 国家科技图书文献中心 喜欢 0 阅读量: 40 作者: Vineis,P. 摘要: Comment in J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000 Sep;54(9):650-1. Comment on J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Nov;53(11):702-9....
cross-phenotype association or by pleiotropy [4,6]. In this sense, clinical observations indicate the possible shift from one disease to another, or the fact that more than one AD may coexist in a single patient (that is, polyautoimmunity) or in the same family (that is, familial autoimmun...
Along the same line, the children’s age should have been studied as a confounder with more granularity. First, it has been shown that the proportional distributions of pediatric cancer types vary by age [19]. For example, leukemia, which was a major cancer type studied by Hargreave et al...
The deadline for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 is approaching fast, but the inequity between disadvantaged and other populations is a significant barrier for this progress. Different kinds of interventions aimed at reducing maternal and child mortality rates have been ...
ras Mutations and a cup of coffee: cause, confounder, effect modifier, or what else? 喜欢 0 阅读量: 14 作者: P Vineis 年份: 1999 收藏 引用 批量引用 报错 分享 全部来源 免费下载 求助全文 全文购买 BMJ (全网免费下载) dx.doi.org 参考文献Power and sample size calculations in case-control...
Simulation Study of Confounder-Selection Strategies In the absence of prior knowledge about population relations, investigators frequently employ a strategy that uses the data to help them decide whether to ... M George,G Sander - 《American Journal of Epidemiology》 被引量: 4053发表: 1993年 ...
In contrast to the candidate gene method, which is also tied to SNP, GWAS studies not a single specific gene, but the entire genome. This allows identifying novel links between chromosomal loci and disease as well as detecting new significant SNPs in already known genes. One potential drawback...
Indeed, in epidemiology that conjunction is often described as a sufficient cause, following the terminology of Rothman's "sufficient-component cause model". But familiarity with this convention can distract from the fact that what we think of as a single event (not a conjunction) is never a ...