Inspired by the recent quantum oscillation measurement on the kagomé lattice antiferromagnet in finite magnetic fields, we raise the question about the physical contents of the emergent fermions and the gauge fields if the U(1) spin liquid is relevant for the finite-field kagomé lattice antiferroma...
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Whether water is liquid or solid, in the form of ice, depends on which of the two energies gains the upper hand. One is the bonding energy of the water molecules, and the other is the kinetic energy of molecular motion, which becomes increasingly vigorous the higher the temperature. If ic...