The first committed step in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through copalyl pyrophosphate (CPP) to ent-kaurene catalyzed by ent-kaurene synthetases A and B. The gal mutants of Arabidopsis are gibberellin-responsive male-sterile dwarfs....
How is heme synthesis regulated? The regulation of heme synthesis mainly occurs at the level of ALAS, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. It has been demonstrated that heme plays an essential role in the regulation of its own synthesis by regulating the expressio...
What is the importance of the citric acid cycle, and why must CoA be used in this pathway?Question:What is the importance of the citric acid cycle, and why must CoA be used in this pathway?Energy StorageCells have a variety of different molecules used to store...
Phytohormones have been reported to play a role in HL acclimation, but the molecular mechanism and the (individual) contribution to the activation of FB during HL remain poorly understood (see Fig. 3 for some examples). For instance, expression of JA and ABA biosynthetic pathway genes and AB...
Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle? a. glucose b. pyruvate c. ATP d. acetyl-CoA e. none of the above Why is the citric acid cycle central to biosynthetic pathways, as well as to catabolism? Describe the citric acid cycle in terms of its function, pathway, required enzymes and...
Kaempferol (3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐[4‐hydroxyphenyl]‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one) is a yellow bioactive flavonoid, which is present inmany edible plants such as tea, cabbage, broccoli, endive, kale, beans, tomato, strawberries, leek, and grapes. It has a significant role in reducing cancer...
Artemisinin has a chemical formula of C15H22O5 and a molecular weight of 282.33. Its unique structure, with a lactone and an endoperoxide cyclic structure, gives it distinct biological activity. Although the exact biosynthetic pathway of Artemisinin is not fully understood, some synthetic pathways ...
Koes RE, Quattrocchio F, Mol JN. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants: function and evolution [J]. BioEssays. 1994;16(2):123–32. Quattrocchio F, Baudry A, Lepiniec L, et al. The regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis [M]. The science of flavonoids. Berlin: Springer; 2006. p....
The main function of the Krebs cycle is to produce energy, stored and transported as ATP or GTP. The cycle is also central to other biosynthetic reactions
Cellular respiration is a biological pathway that is made up of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. The process is simply a catabolic process of a glucose molecule that results in the production of ATP molecules. The ATP molecules are used for...