Where officers, agents and employees of the Internal Revenue Service are concerned, there can be no plea of ignorance concerning the necessity of due process.Regarding what constitutes "due process", the courts have established inIdeal Farm, Inc. v. Benson, D.C. N.J. 1960, 181 F Supp 62...
Income Statement Income, that is, profit. Profit = revenue – expenses. Through income statement, the revenue and expenditure of the enterprise can be clarified. It is an accounting statement that comprehensively reflects the operation and distribution (or compensation) of an enterprise in a certain...
I am particularly desirous that there should be no misunderstanding about this work. It constitutes an experiment in a very special and limited direction, and should not be suspected of aiming at achieving anything different from, or anything more than, it actually does achieve. — Maurice Ravel[...
In order to manage revenue and expenditure, a state must have a budget of some kind. While there are numerous frameworks for what constitutes an ideal budget, relatively little consideration has been given to what might constitute a 'basic enough' budget for low-income and low-capacity states....
What is the impact of encumbrance accounting on a governmental budget? Expense An expense can be classified as a direct expense and an indirect expense. Both are reported in the financial documents for calculating net profit or l...
But while universities may share this overarching aim, Willetts also argues that we need to celebrate diversity in our higher education (HE) sector, rather than a single idea of what constitutes a top university. I sat down with him for The Conversation. ...
Certain information contained herein constitutes “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,”“will,”“should,”“expect,”“anticipate,”“project,”“estimate,”“intend,”“continue,” or “believe,” or the negatives thereof...
If we extend this analysis by taking a more liberal view of what constitutes an expenditure on innovation and include intellectual payments abroad, Baldwin50 finds that Canadian spending on 'knowledge' capacity may have been close to 90% – as a share of GDP – as the U.S. in 1999. This...
LPAR assesses how efficiently labor resources are utilized in relation to the number of available rooms. Since labor constitutes a significant portion of a hotel's costs, it's important to evaluate whether these costs are being used efficiently. LPAR is calculated by dividing total labor costs by...
Indeed, the Committee’s earlier delineation of “essential primary health care” as a core obligation begs the question of what constitutes “non-essential” primary care? The conceptual and definitional limitations of the Committee’s definition of core obligations are apparent in South African case...