Transfect cells at 40–80% confluency. Too few cells can cause poor growth due to limited cell-to-cell contact, while too many cells can lead to a resistance in uptaking foreign nucleic acid. Most chemical transfection reagents also have optimal time windows between 5 and 30 minutes, dependin...
such as antibiotic-resistance or virulence, which facilitate their survival in a hostile environment. Scientists have harnessed the power of plasmid transformation to transfer recombinant plasmid into bacteria, yeast and even plant cells and tissue to express engineered DNA sequences in a variety of ho...
Do prokaryotic cells have RNA? In eukaryotes, describe what genes each RNA polymerase transcribes. In E.coli DNA replication, what is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing daughter strand? Is the RNA and DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes the same? If not what are the dif...
his country’s fate looks to have been sealed…A sense of foreboding had been building. The day before Donald Trump goton the phonewith Vladimir Putin, the US leader observed matter of factly that “Ukraine may be Russian some day.”–The full extent of what he meantbecame clearas the tw...
Describe what makes a virus or bacterium a pathogen. Do most bacteria cause disease? Explain. How do bacterial cells reproduce? What do viruses do that make their replication completely different from that of bacteria? What are two processes in which bacteria play a role in biogeochemical cycles...
When cells are under stress, as may happen when free radicals are on the loose or when a person undergoes radiation, apoptosis can occur. But there are also signals within the body that send the message that a cell should continue living. All cells have varying level of sensitivity to the...
Bacteria are unicellular i.e. made up of a single cell. They are prokaryotes and their cells are different from animal and plant cells. In general, the structure of bacteria can be studied as external and internal structures; Structure of a Bacterial Cell ...
Fibrin is one of the many types of proteins the human body produces. It is made to react to bleeding. It makes up a great portion of blood clots. Fibrin is strong and is in the shape of long chains. Answer and Explanation: Learn more about this topic: ...
Bacterial cells are generally surrounded by an outer cell wall and an inner cell membrane. Certain bacteria, like the mycoplasmas, do not have a cell wall at all. Some bacteria may even have a third, outermost protective layer, called the capsule. Whip-like extensions often cover the surfaces...
Plasmid Replicates independently within bacterial cells. Plasmids have their own origins of replication ensuring their maintenance in the host. 9 Cosmid Utilizes bacteriophage cos sites for DNA packaging. The inclusion of cos sites allows cosmids to package DNA into phage particles, enhancing delivery ...