Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD), Huangqi decoction (HQD), and Gandi capsule (GC) are CM combinations commonly used to treat CKD, and these formulas also alleviate DN-induced abnormalities in renal lipid metabolism. DBD reduces the content of ceramide synthases (Cers), phosphatidylethanolamines, and...
Ligase enzymes require energy input from ATP or some other nucleotide. What type of enzyme is a synthase? In biochemistry, a synthase is an enzyme that catalyses a synthesis process. Note that, originally, biochemical nomenclature distinguished synthetases and synthases. Which of the following is ...
Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize fatty acids. Acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP, the universal bioc...
Whereasplasma membranecellulose synthases are involved in the production of cellulose, theGolgiproduces hemicellulose that is also deposited. In such cells as those of the xylem fibers and tracheids, the deposition of lignin serves to strengthen the wall. Neighboring cells have been shown to contribut...
accepting electrons from other molecules and converting to its reduced form, NADH. NAD+ is essential for the activity of enzymes such as poly(ADP)-ribose polymerases and cADP-ribose synthases. Some sirtuins utilize NAD+ to mediate protein deacetylation, producing O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, nicotinamide,...