Italy: Black Sea project features water depth record for laying pipeMassimo Pulici
If the pressure in the pipe is very low or insufficient, this greatly increases the likelihood of backflow contamination or leakage in the pipe. This can occur when the pipe pressure is reduced for repair or during transient pressures (e.g. when the hydrant is used for fire suppression or ...
PD 8010 also covers pipe testing and sets out procedures for allowing for air. Procedures for testing plastic pipes, in particular polyethylene, need to allow for creep and reference should be made to the manufacturer. In the UK PE pipe is tested to 1.5 times Rated Pressure for 6 and 10 ...
where hM = the first wave maxima flow depth on the outer wall, hm = the first wave minima flow depth on the inner wall, and θM and θm are the angular locations of the first wave maxima on the outer wall and the first wave minima on the inner wall, respectively, as show...
while 53 were disregarded due to missing data or ambiguity. Finally, 410 irregularly distributed points were considered in the geological modeling (Fig.2c), with depths varying from 1 to 392 m. Although the average depth is 27 m, approximately 77% of the boreholes are shallower, 50% are ...
Below, we discuss two types of spatial decisions related to tile-drain management at both the watershed- and field-scale: 1) where tile-drains are needed for agricultural and bioenergy crops, and 2) where mitigation options (e.g., increased tile spacing or depth, plugging drains, nitrogen ab...
8). On-site soil moisture was measured with a TDR probe (ML2 ThetaProbe, Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK) at −10 and −20 cm at three different spots within freshly trenched soil profiles of −20 cm depth. Throughout the whole study period, soil water content did not drop ...
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Pilot heat pump systems have been installed at two former collieries in Yorkshire/Derbyshire, England, to extract heat from mine water. The installations r
Water temperature varies according to season, depth, and, in some cases, time of day. Because most aquatic organisms are cold blooded, they require a certain temperature range to survive. Some organisms prefer colder temperatures and others prefer warmer temperatures. Temperature also affects the ...