Microbiology Series: Water Activity
2018). Fungi that successfully infect a human body have to overcome several obstacles, such as high temperature (Robert and Casadevall 2009), oxidative bursts of human phagocytes and severe iron limitation (Hamad 2008; Kumamoto 2008), and low water activity and low pH in case of skin penetrat...
(UV) light, and the absence of or reduced biological competition and activity, but they die off in aquifers. Conversely, parasites (eggs/cysts) can survive from 60days until months in surface water and sewage. Thus, once introduced in water bodies, pathogenic microorganisms may survive for ...
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(1) solubility, to enable the protein to stay stable in the lipid-free milieu; (2) stability, to prevent properly folded structures from collapsing while systematically imposing a significant number of mutations; (3) activity, to avoid the disruption to the specific interaction network essential ...
The cause of the B8 1C difference in upper temperature for laboratory growth and abundance and activity in situ remains to be elucidated. In GBS, ammonia oxidation limits denitrification, which seems to be heterotrophic at 81 and 79 1C and is carried out at least in part by Thermus thermo-...
Silver has been measured in the air as a result of anthropogenic activity. Air concentrations of silver over southern California, USA, are reported to be approximately 2ng/m3(Bruland et al., 1974). The emission ofsilver iodidecrystals during cloud seeding has been estimated to result in a si...
Chapelle, F., 2001. Groundwater Microbiology and Geochemistry. Wiley, New York. Google Scholar Chessman, B. & M. Royal, 2004. Bioassessment without reference sites: Use of environmental filters to predict natural assemblages of river macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Soc...
(conditioned stimulus) that is paired with a mild shock (unconditioned stimulus) at the end of the trial. This results in the tone eliciting a freezing response in the animals. Increasing the time lag between CS and US provides a good estimate of prefrontal cortical activity. Cue-dependent ...
et al. Effects of colon-targeted vitamins on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiome – a pilot study. Gut Microbes 13, 1875774 (2021). Article PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Tang, Q. et al. Current sampling methods for gut microbiota: a call for more ...