by preventing the dissimilitude of B-cell precursors into plasma cells. CD4 T cells can transform into regulatory (Treg) and suppressor T cells as well as Th1 and Th2 cells. Active vitamin D increases the conversion of CD4 T cells into Treg cells. In cases where there exists no vitamin D...
Subsequently, vitamin K hydroquinone is oxidized to vitamin K 2,3-epoxide (K>O) during the posttranslational activation of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins involving enzymatic conversion of specific glutamate (Glu) residues to γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues. To complete ...
The first hydroxylation to yield 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) occurs in the liver. The conversion is catalyzed by a specific microsomal enzyme, vitamin D-25-hydroxylase. Recent findings indicate that homogenates of chick small intestine and kidney are also able to hydroxylate vitamin D. It is...
Methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a prevalent DNA modification found in many organisms. Sequential oxidation of 5mC by ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases results in a cascade of additional epigenetic marks and promotes demethylation of DNA in mammals1,2. However, the ...
The antitumor action of vitamin K has been investigated since 19474. In rats, VK3 acts against adriamycin-resistant leukemia cells5. VK3, a radiosensitizing agent, extends the survival time of patients with bronchial carcinoma, and VK2 induces growth inhibition via cell cycle arrest6,7. VK2 ex...
[22], pulmonary TB patients given a daily dose of vitamin D at 10,000 IU (250 mcg) for 6 weeks had significantly higher sputum conversion rates and radiological improvement compared to the placebo group. Similarly, Kota et al. [23] reported that in type 2 diabetes patients with pulmonary ...
Prior to IV ascorbate infusion, Asc•- in whole blood samples was below the limit of detection; however, Asc•- was readily observed immediately after IV ascorbate infusion. Despite this Asc•- increase, the redox state of the GSSG/2GSH couple, an indicator of oxidative distress, was ...
Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium and has central roles in bone formation and maintenance, hypertension, cancer and immunity. Vitamin D may be obtained from many dietary sources, including eggs and fish, and is synthesized in the skin by the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vita...
Vitamin D can be obtained from dietary sources after photolytic conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol, or from located the endogenous synthesis of in the dermal fibroblasts and veiptiadmerinmDal3kwerhaitcihnooccyctuerss, bvyivytiatthmameinuinlDtrD3avw(i2ho5liec(OthBHisc)foDomu)npadonndineinsoti...
Conversion of continuous HR and 95% CI estimate to per 10 ng ml À 1 HR estimates. To achieve this, we raised the continuous HR (or 'HR per 1 ng ml À 1') to the power of 10 to get [A], per 10 ng ml À 1 HR (e.g., continuous HR, 0.89, hence per 10 ng ml ...