The B group of vitamins and vitamin C serve ascoenzymesorcoenzymeprecursors. The B-complex includesthiamine,riboflavin,pyridoxine,niacin,pantothenic acid,biotin,folate, andcobalamin.Inositol,choline, andparaaminobenzoic acid, usually classified as vitamin-like substances in humans, are sometimes included ...
THERE are variable results on the therapeutic effects of B-complex vitamins given during experimentally induced liver injury 1–4 . Such results could be due to differences in vitamin binding by the injured liver. Because of the availability of sensitive and specific microbiological techniques for ass...
In both humans and mice, vitamin B12is used as a cofactor by only two enzymes: methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT)26. MS uses B12as a cofactor to regenerate methionine (Met) from homocysteine (Hcy), forming an integral part of one-carbon (1C) metabolism (Fig.2a...
Many epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia. In particular, two prominent studies report an association between neonatal vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of schizophrenia. In parallel, m
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition that involves both inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative components. MS research and treatments have traditionally focused on immunomodulation, with less investigation of neuroprotection, and this holds true for the role of vitamin D in ...
Vitamin K1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP) aqueous dispersion of vitamin K1 for parenteral injection, possesses the same type and degree of activity as does naturally-occurring vitamin K, which is necessary for the production via the liver of active prothrombin (factor II), proconv...
For the best chance of success, the vitamin B12 should be given by injection, 1000mcg weekly. Several months are usually required before early repigmentation is seen. Myasthenia Gravis To enhance acetylcholine levels take vitamin B12 1000mcg sublingually each day. Circulation Atherosclerosis Diet ...
Humans UMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase cofactor Humans Absorption Vitamin B12 is quickly absorbed from intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) sites of injection; with peak plasma concentrations achieved about 1 hour after IM injection 26. Orally administered vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor (...
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the nervous system caused by abnormal discharges from brain cells. Structural, infectious, metabolic, immunologic, and unknown causes can contribute to the development of seizures. In recent years, there has been increas
(Jiang et al., 2001). Other forms of vitamin E, especially gamma-tocopherols, are important bioactive molecules. This class of antioxidants have complex defensive property; for instance, gamma-T is an efficient scavenger of reactive species but has been found to oppose alpha-T’s role in ...