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• RF signal-based methods: wireless RF sensing technology has also been used as one of the sensing means due to its advantages, such as good privacy. The popularity of millimeter-wave radar and the maturity of the technology allows the millimeter-wave radar to achieve more fine-grained ...
Model-based investigation of electric vehicle battery aging by means of vehicle-to-grid scenario simulations. J. Power Sources 2013, 239, 604–610. [CrossRef] 18. Han, S.; Han, S.; Aki, H. A practical battery wear model for electric vehicle charging applications. Appl. Energy 2014, 113...
This work explores the potential of the RCCI series hybrid vehicle architecture to provide low engine-out emissions and CO2 by means of vehicle systems simulations. The results show the influence of the main parameters and control strategies of the SHV vehicle on its efficiency and emissions under...
εs = 0.0084 εf which means that the axial strain is mainly the fiber strain. Table 1. Mechanical properties of the optical fiber. Parameter Ef Es As Af Magnitude 7.2 × 1010 210 × 109 0.50 0.01 Unit Pa Pa mm2 mm2 (2) (3) The strain of the structure ε can then be presented ...
The observer gain might be chosen by solving a Lyapunov equation by means of a LMI algorithm. Convergence is achieved by utilizing the linear matrix inequality (LMI), based on Lyapunov stability which keeps the dynamic estimation error bounded by selecting the observer gain matrix (L). Simulation...
Zh f (n) means the lift generated by the thrust and hydrofoil interaction. Considering the thrust and hydrofoil lift, the net pitch moment by the waterjet J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 894 can be expressed as zimp X imp and zR RT , respectively. The contribution of exhaust flow to ...
If it is 11, it means an Ethernet protocol. The source protocol bus number which sent a message is stored in the Source Bus Number field. Because the Source Protocol field value is 10 and Source Bus Number field value is 1 in the EX1 of The Source Protocol field is 2 bits and has ...
Nevertheless, to obtain reliable information on vehicle traffic by means of these systems, it is fundamental to correctly carry out a series of preliminary steps: choose the most suitable type of laser, select its configuration properly, determine the optimal location, and process the information ...
We need to map the meaning of Equations (10) and (11) so that PSO can deal a discrete type problem. In this purpose [54], authors proposed a new definition to the characteristics of two symbols, ⊕ and →. X ⊕ SS means applying a sequence of swap sequence on the elements of X ...