Larvae immersed in 70% ethanol were examined under stereoscope and optical microscope to observe their microstructures in ventral and dorsal view. Stereoscopic images were taken with Olympus SZX7 Zoom Stereomicroscope (Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a CCD camera (Infinity 1, Lumenera Co.,...
The documentation of the wealth of information demonstrating behaviours of extant organisms extending far back in time and showing that the behaviour of extinct organisms closely resembles that of their descendants were recently summarized5,6. Predation is a major driving force for the evolution of ...
Api- pop2 and Api-orb in sexual and asexual germaria and/or in oocytes suggests that the balance between cytoplas- mic polyadenylation and deadenylation in oocytes acts in the maturation of haploid as well as diploid oocytes in the pea aphid as it has been shown for other sexual organisms....
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the human body that continuously balances tolerance to commensal organisms and protection from pathogens. Moreover, numerous diseases, such as NEC and inflammatory bowel disease, arise from dysregulation of intestinal immunity. As such, mucosal ...
Although sexual reproduction is dominant within eukaryotes, asexual reproduction is widespread and has evolved independently as a derived trait in almost all major taxa. How asexuality evolved in sexual organisms is unclear. Aphids, such as Acyrthosiphon
Degradation of the storage lipid TAG plays an important role in the reconstruction of the cytoplasmic membranes of organisms grown under favorable conditions. The complete TAG degradation process includes a series of hydrolysis reactions via lipase [61]. This reaction begins with the release of fatty...
Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains Zebrafish: Tg(spi1b:GAL4,UAS:EGFP) Peri and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2008 ZFIN ID: ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-081023-3 Zebrafish: Tg(spi1b:GAL4,UAS:TagRFP) Sieger et al., 2012 ZFIN ID: ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-120927-1 Zebrafish: Tg(apoeb:lyn-EGFP) Peri and Nüsslein-Vol...
Plants are sessile organisms, so the evolution of defensive measures to counteract threats, including insect herbivory, is essential for survival and reproduction. Defenses against herbivory are diverse and include trichomes, lignified tissue, thick waxy cuticles, chemical defenses such as insecticidal or...
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) N-260 strain (serovar 16) isolated from a patient with MAC infection was used. This organisms was identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare by a DNA probe test. Mice. Eight- to twelve-week-old male BALB/c mice purchased from Japan Clea Co., Osaka, Japan,...
He also reported that biophotons are coherent and suggested that they regulate organisms’ life processes. However, the idea that UPE is coherent is under debate. Whether UPE is a byproduct of biological metabolism or has some informational or functional role, and the spectral fingerprints of ...