The neurotransmitter norepinephrine activates 2 types of GPCRs, called alpha and beta adrenoceptors. These various receptors govern life-sustaining processes. In the heart, beta1 adrenoceptors quicken the heart rate and increase the force of each beat. In the lungs, beta2 adrenoceptors widen the ...
Muscle fatigue is a common complaint in clinical practice. In humans, muscle fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force. Here, to provide a general understanding and describe potential therapies for muscle fatigue
Background Estrogen have long been implicated in influencing cognitive processes, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and the roles of the estrogen receptors alpha (ERa) and beta (ER) remain unclear. A role for ER was suggested by the observation that ER knockout mice show ...
FOXA1 is a transcription factor which plays an important role in aiding the binding of hormone receptors to their target DNA16. More recently, three distinct classes of alterations in FOXA1 have been described in prostate cancer, each with unique structural and phenotypic consequences17. The Class...
Therapeutic efficacy of a novel non-peptide alphavbeta3 integrin antagonist for pathological retinal angiogenesis in mice Exp Eye Res, 129 (2014), pp. 119-126 View PDFView articleGoogle Scholar 55 T Inoue, M Morita, T Tojo, et al. Novel 1H-imidazol-2-amine derivatives as potent and orally...
\omega f(x)\equiv\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\alpha^{(n)}(x)P(x,n),\quad\text{in which}\quad\int dxf(x)=1 【公式3.71】 那么f(x) 是通过实验测量的针对位置 x 进行的自然扫视的概率分布,而ω 是表征被关注对象引起扫视的概率的参数。然后: ...
Oncostatin M (OSM), which originates from GAMs, activates STAT3 through its interaction with oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR) subunit alpha and with GP130 on GBM cells, prompting the transformation of GBM cells into mesenchymal subtypes in vitro ...
oryzae, the industrially relevant alpha-amylase was demonstrated to be secreted into the septal periplasmic space by fluorescent tagging [59]. In A. niger, growth on solid media with sugar beet pulp as a carbon source resulted in protein secretion both at the colony periphery and internal ...
Figure 2. Alpha and beta diversities of WT, PXR-null, CAR-null, and PXR-CAR-null mice. (A) Mean (SE) alpha diversity of gut microbiota within WT, PXR-null, CAR-null, and PXR-CAR-null mice. Line plots are generated using the R package ggplot. Asterisks (∗) represent statistically...
TLRs constitute a class of transmembrane innate immune receptors that are evolutionarily conserved and induce immune responses by recognizing distinctive PAMPs. TLRs are single-transmembrane proteins composed of an extracellular N-terminal domain, which recognizes ligands; a transmembrane domain; and a cytop...