Different types of pollutants are monitored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in urban and non-urban environments [3]. The UK government has a plan to put an “end to the sale of all new conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040” [4]. ...
Summertime overheating in buildings can occur due to several factors, including a high outdoor temperature, which can be aggravated by allowing buildings to receive a strong afternoon solar glare, limiting natural ventilation when the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature and increasi...
Defra emission factors Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2015 and 2018 emission factors EXIOBASE 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 emission factors National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) 2022 emission factors Taiwan Ministry of Environment Carbon Footprint 2022 factors ...
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2017, Accessed 2nd May 2018 Google Scholar DEFRA, 2008 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) Municipal Waste Composition: Review of Municipal Waste Component Analyses - WR0119 (2008) http://ra...
Extreme precipitation is projected to intensify with warming, but how this will manifest locally through time is uncertain. Here, we exploit an ensemble of convection-permitting transient simulations to examine the emerging signal in local hourly rainfal
than one risk factor, we combined PIFs multiplicatively. To prevent double-counting of effects from the change in multiple dietary parameters (e.g. CHD effects from changes in fruit, vegetable and fibre intake), we reduced excess risks by applying adjustment factors derived for GBD analyses [14...
Two factors contributed to the success of the tape sampling method. Firstly, the clear and simple instructions given on websites and the video ensured that the correct metadata (location, dates) were returned with each sample. Secondly, the method only required common household items and the ...
However, given the very short time between the emission and measurement of VOCs at LMR (given the proximity of the sensor to the road), it is more likely that heighted O3 during this time was due to an increase in transported O3. During the lockdown period in the UK, a higher ...
s performance and recognizing patterns of productivity corresponding to—for example—UA types raises questions about appropriate methodology for estimating the overall UA productivity and resource efficiency. If each project is an anomalous case and its performance significantly influenced by factors external...
Increasingly, the potential short and long-term impacts of climate change on human health and wellbeing are being demonstrated. However, other environmental change factors, particularly relating to the natural environment, need to be taken into account t