To overcome the harmful effects of DNA damage, cells have various systems such as DNA repair mechanisms, damage tolerance pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways. These systems work together to repair or tolerate DNA damage, ensuring the overall survival and functionality of cells...
Mechanism based signatures of TGFβ competency and DNA repair predict response to genotoxic therapies across cancer typesdoi:10.1016/S0959-8049(20)31101-1M. Barcellos-HoffI. Guix SauquetJ. MooreM.A. PujanaEuropean Journal of Cancer
Two singular characteristics differentiate sperm from somatic cells: Protamination and absence of DNA repair. DNA repair in sperm is terminated as transcription and translation stops post-spermiogenesis, so these cells have no mechanism to repair the damage occurred during their transit through the ...
Mechanism of DNA ligase In the mechanism of DNA ligase, two covalent phosphodiester bonds between the 3’ hydroxyl end of acceptor nucleotide with the 5’ phosphate end of donor nucleotide are formed. In this process, two ATP molecules are consumed per one phosphodiester bond. The reaction can ...
MeaningFunctionStructure and TypesProkaryotic DNA PolymeraseEukaryotic DNA PolymeraseMechanism of Action DNA polymerases are a group of enzymes required for DNA synthesis. Arthur Kornberg purified and characterized DNA polymerase from E.coli for the first time. It is a single-chain polypeptide now known...
Mechanism of cNLS-mediated protein transport Classical NLS on cargo proteins are recognized by the importin α subunit, which in turn is recognized by the importin β subunit. The resulting cNLS-cargo-importin α-importin β1 trimer is then imported into the nucleus through a series of steps ...
A two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 4, 155–169 (2009). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Rompolas, P., Mesa, K. R. & Greco, V. Spatial organization within a niche as a determinant of stem-cell fate. Nature 502, ...
In other organisms, such as algae, and some groups of bacteria, the parent cell divides multiple times and separates into multiple identical offspring. Using multiple fission, they grow and replicate cellular DNA multiple times, rapidly producing dozens or even hundreds of smaller cells called baeo...
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Mutations are changes that occur in the sequence of DNA due to mutagens such as UV radiation, or internal factors of the cell, such as a faulty repair mechanism. There are three main types of mutations: Substitutions, which can be either missense or silent - depending on whether they code...